关键词: 水稻, 审定品种, 产量, 品质, 抗性

Abstract: The basic characteristics of rice varieties approved at national and provincial level in China in 2019 are analyzed. In 2019, there were 1,372 rice varieties were registered by Crop Variety Approval Committee in China in 2019 （372 varieties registered national level）, including 69 conventional indica rice, 420 two lines indica hybrid rice, 528 three lines indica hybrid rice, 226 conventional japonica rice, 16 japonica hybrid rice, 12 indica-japonica hybrid rice and 45 sterile lines. Compared with 2018, the proportion of approved indica hybrid rice varieties increased, while the proportions of conventional indica rice, japonica hybrid rice and japonica hybrid rice declined. For the main organization of variety breeding，80.29% of the varieties approved by enterprises in 2019, the technological innovation system of the seed industry with enterprises as the main body has been formed. Average yield of conventional indica rice, two lines indica hybrid rice, three lines indica hybrid rice, conventional japonica rice and japonica hybrid rice were 491.41, 603.48, 574.46, 603.89 and 649.20 kg/667 m2, respectively, compared with 2018, the yield of two lines indica hybrid rice and japonica hybrid rice increased, while the yield of conventional indica rice, three lines indica hybrid rice and conventional japonica rice decreased. The high-quality compliance rate of rice varieties approved in 2019 was 53.95%, and a decreased compared with 2018. Among them, the high-quality compliance rate of indica rice varieties was 54.97% and japonica rice varieties was 50.00%, the high-quality compliance rate of hybrid rice was 54.88% and conventional rice was 50.85%, the high-quality compliance rate of indica rice surpassed that of japonica rice and hybrid rice surpassed conventional rice for the first time. The comprehensive resistance performance of the varieties approved in 2019 is still not good. Among the 372 nationally approved varieties, only 19.62% of the varieties are moderately resistant or resistant to rice blast, but some provinces have good resistance varieties. For example, Guangdong has excellent resistance varieties to rice blast, and Yunnan has good resistance varieties to bacterial blight.

Key words: rice, approved varieties, yield, grain quality, resistance